1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Oxygen
OXYGEN (symbol O, atomic weight 16), a non-metallic chemical ingredient. It was apparently first obtained in 1727 by Stephen Hales by strongly heating minium, however he doesn't appear to have recognized that he had obtained a brand new aspect, and the primary printed description of its properties was resulting from J. Priestley in 1774, who obtained the gas by igniting mercuric oxide, and gave it the identify "dephlogistigated air." K. W. Scheele, working independently, additionally announced in 1775 the discovery of this component which he known as "empyreal air" (Crells’ Annalen, 1785, 2, pp. 229, 291). A. L. Lavoisier repeated Priestley’s experiments and named the gasoline "oxygen" (from Gr. Oxygen happens naturally as one of many chief constituents of the environment, and in combination with other elements it is present in very large quantities; it constitutes approximately eight-ninths by weight of water and nearly one-half by weight of the rocks composing the earth’s crust. It is also disengaged by rising vegetation, plants possessing the facility of absorbing carbon dioxide, assimilating the carbon and rejecting the oxygen.
Oxygen could also be ready by heating mercuric oxide; by strongly heating manganese dioxide and many other peroxides; by heating the oxides of treasured metals; and by heating many oxy-acids and oxy-salts to excessive temperatures, for example, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, nitre, lead nitrate, zinc sulphate, potassium chlorate, &c. Potassium chlorate is mostly used and the reaction is accelerated and carried out at a decrease temperature by beforehand mixing the salt with about one-third of its weight of manganese dioxide, which acts as a catalytic agent. The precise decomposition of the chlorate will not be settled undoubtedly; the next equations give the outcomes obtained by P. F. Frankland and Dingwall (Chem. News, 1887, 55, p.
OXYGEN (symbol O, atomic weight 16), a non-metallic chemical ingredient. It was apparently first obtained in 1727 by Stephen Hales by strongly heating minium, however he doesn't appear to have recognized that he had obtained a brand new aspect, and the primary printed description of its properties was resulting from J. Priestley in 1774, who obtained the gas by igniting mercuric oxide, and gave it the identify "dephlogistigated air." K. W. Scheele, working independently, additionally announced in 1775 the discovery of this component which he known as "empyreal air" (Crells’ Annalen, 1785, 2, pp. 229, 291). A. L. Lavoisier repeated Priestley’s experiments and named the gasoline "oxygen" (from Gr. Oxygen happens naturally as one of many chief constituents of the environment, and in combination with other elements it is present in very large quantities; it constitutes approximately eight-ninths by weight of water and nearly one-half by weight of the rocks composing the earth’s crust. It is also disengaged by rising vegetation, plants possessing the facility of absorbing carbon dioxide, assimilating the carbon and rejecting the oxygen.
Oxygen could also be ready by heating mercuric oxide; by strongly heating manganese dioxide and many other peroxides; by heating the oxides of treasured metals; and by heating many oxy-acids and oxy-salts to excessive temperatures, for example, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, nitre, lead nitrate, zinc sulphate, potassium chlorate, &c. Potassium chlorate is mostly used and the reaction is accelerated and carried out at a decrease temperature by beforehand mixing the salt with about one-third of its weight of manganese dioxide, which acts as a catalytic agent. The precise decomposition of the chlorate will not be settled undoubtedly; the next equations give the outcomes obtained by P. F. Frankland and Dingwall (Chem. News, 1887, 55, p.